Jan David Tepper, DPM

The trauma you described is related to wearing shoes that are too small. However, once it has occurred, you can trim the nail back as far as you can without causing it to bleed or hurt. Then, use a band aid if necessary to prevent the nail from inadvertently getting pulled off. Eventually, the remaining nail will continue to grow off creating further opportunity to cut loose nail off, or it may fall off on its own. If at any point you don’t want to wait for this to occur on its own, seek medical care. Although you can yank it off and treat the bleeding with compression and topical antibiotics, I don’t recommend it as it may result in more than you may want to deal with. That’s the way I deal with it. If you go to the doctor, he or she can numb it up, remove it painlessly, and apply a sterile dressing and prescribe medication for pain and infection, if necessary, and it’s all done and you don’t have to deal with it any longer.
Your choice.

Jan David Tepper, DPM, FACFAS

You need to see a foot and ankle specialist that can take a detailed history of your present problem as a past medical history, physical examination of your feet, and any other relevant systems, then determine necessary diagnostic tests before differential diagnoses can be narrowed down to diagnose and treat your problem. This is not something that can easily be done on an e-mail. With telemedicine, you can get started.

Jan David Tepper, DPM, FACFAS

The movements of the bones and joints foot and ankle absorb the shock of walking. That is the function of the foot and ankle. Function follows structure. So, the alignment of the bones to one another is critical as the bones are hard tissue, and if aligned properly, they can handle the body weight. However, all of the bones are connected to one another by soft tissue structures, so, if the bones are not aligned optimally to one another, the body weight will shift from the bones or hard tissue to the soft tissue, and the soft tissues will fail. The stress theory of pain dictates identifying the stress and eliminating that stress you will eliminate the pain. Functional Orthotic devices are the conservative tools a doctor can utilize to align the bones and joints in the position to one another to relieve the stress. Surgical treatments are available to align the bones as well. Sometimes a combination of these methods are necessary to achieve the goal to eliminate the stress with the least amount of invasive treatments and the most desirable bracing techniques, as in shoe orthotics, and foot and ankle orthosis are both a form of functional bracing in addition to ankle knee hip braces or a combination of braces for the lower extremities for people with various extents of disabilities or limitations of the surgical candidate. We utilize these techniques for pediatric adult geriatric sports medicine and wound care in diabetic arthritis and patient populations with peripheral vascular and neurological disease.

Jan David Tepper, DPM, FACFAS, FACFAOM, FAAPSM

There are many types of screws available for the different locations size and quality of bone as well as plates. There are solid screws cannulated screws, titanium metal absorbable or screws that turn into bone there are locking as well as non locking that are used with the plates as well as wires staples and tight ropes and all different size options of length and thickness. All of these options and some that I may not have thought of or are being developed as I write this, there is new technology and different pitch options of the screws to help grab different size and quality of bone in different areas of the body and different sizes and shapes of the fracture fragments.

With gravity casting 10-12 weeks would be about right for someone your age healthy without complications. About 8 weeks non weight bearing, then weight bearing in cast, then transition into a boot cast before transitioning onto shoes. Stiff high top with shoe insert for support.

Bruising is bleeding below the skin. Therefore, it is a sign of more extensive damage, possibly a tear as opposed to a sprain or strain to those ankle ligaments or even damage to the bone like a contusion or fracture.

That question implies that a sprain was diagnosed correctly. You cannot make a definitive diagnosis of a sprain without an X-ray to rule out a fracture, which may include a follow-up X-ray in 3 weeks post-injury to rule out a stress fracture that would go undiagnosed in less time than that unless you get an MRI to rule out stress fracture, tear, or even partial tear of a ligament in that ankle. However, if your ankle sprain pain does not respond to over-the-counter Advil, Tylenol, or other Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, it is likely not a sprain, as a sprain should respond to that medication alone at the dosages on the bottle.

Treatment plan is only effective if you have the proper diagnosis following appropriate vascular studies especially with symptoms you are describing
Pain management should be done by pain management specialist if no other treatment has been successful

Yes however if it is under stress tendonosis will continue and degeneration of the tendon will result in eventual failure of the tendon
Proper biomechanics is essential for a tendon to heal

There are many different procedures for repair of bunion surgeries depending on the severity of the deformity and the extent of the surgery. Your surgeon is best to advise you on post-operative care as he knows what was done and your specific medical condition.

Without an X-ray, I cannot opine on a good result, however, many closed fractures will heal with immobilization and compression. Open fractures are a different story as you have to treat to prevent or treat the infection. This can be achieved with non weight bearing with crutches, scooter, or wheel chair and compression with an elastic bandage such as an ace bandage or other compression bandage 1/2" wide or small enough to surround the toe without being to tight to cause pain. This could take 6-8 weeks before weight bearing without pain and swelling without the compression bandage. If this is unsuccessful, X-ray may tell you what is going on and what needs to be done. 

Jan David Tepper, D.P.M., FACFASCEO

Following a detailed history and examination, which includes comparison of motion of the ankle compared to the same motion on the opposite ankle, we can use diagnostic testing of X-rays or stress X-rays with and without local anesthesia, as indicated along with comparison of symptoms with diagnostic tapings to determine the functional as well as the anatomical stability of the ankle.

Jan David Tepper, D.P.M.,FACFASCEO

If the child does not respond to supportive care, especially if there is a great deal of swelling and pain, then a trip to the doctor may catch something early before complications make it more severe.

Jan David Tepper, D.P.M., FACFAS

Not necessarily depending on initial treatment at time of injury, severity of injury, current symptoms, and how it responds to conservative treatment. In addition, the health, age, and physical requirements of the individual going forward would also play a part in the need or even the recommendation for surgical repair.

Jan David Tepper DPM, FACFAS

You can do posterior calf and thigh stretching exercises with the knee in straight and flexed position and toe flexion exercises trying to scrunch up a towel with your toes.

Jan David Tepper, D.P.M.,FACFASCEO

Rest Ice compression elevationIf is not a sprain ankle it could be a torn ligament that could lead to an unstable ankle and a chronic ankle sprainer.  So if it doesn't respond in a few days seek medical attention 

Taking the stress and strain off of the plantar fascia with good supportive footgear, arch supports/ rigid functional orthotics devices, ice, calf stretching exercises, OTC NSAIDs.

Jan David Tepper

You would benefit by getting a correct diagnosis, as with limb length discrepancy you may feel this way and in order to treat it correctly one needs to determine if this is LLD and if so if it's functional or anatomical as they are treated very differently.

Jan David Tepper, DPM FACFAS

You won’t really know until you have a history taken by a doctor familiar with these kind of injuries, physical examination, and necessary diagnostic tests. Then you need to see how you respond to the treatment plan. Some may need further work-up if things don’t go as expected. Otherwise, you are relying on luck.

In order to determine an effective treatment plan you must first have an accurate diagnosis which requires a detailed history, physical examination and necessary diagnostic tests before you have a differential diagnosis and can begin a treatment plan that you would expect to be successful.