The Early and Late Manifestations of Lupus
Infectious agents, hormones and environmental estrogen
Infectious agents
- Bacterial DNA/endotoxins
- Viruses like Epstein-Barr viruses(5)
Hormones and environmental estrogen
- Hormonal replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive pills
This is by no way a complete list of environmental risk factors, but just those which have commonly found to be associated with lupus.